Glutathione

Classification

Endogenous tripeptide antioxidant

Approval status

Approved medicine

Research status

Labelled indications are defined in product information.

Molecular formula

Insufficient reliable evidence identified.

Molecular weight

Insufficient reliable evidence identified.

Sequence

Glu-Cys-Gly. Licensed uses exist in specific presentations; high-dose IV ‘whitening’ vials are another matter.

Primary biological target

Insufficient reliable evidence identified.

Half-life

Insufficient reliable evidence identified.

Routes investigated

Insufficient reliable evidence identified.

Human evidence level

A — Approved clinical use / strong human evidence

The body’s main thiol antioxidant. High-dose injectable glutathione sold for skin lightening is not an approved cosmetic here and is not sold.

Redox buffering and conjugation reactions.

Systemic redox change; IV use has been associated with serious adverse events when unregulated.

• Selected licensed supportive uses
• Unapproved cosmetic IV markets

Investigational findings are not proven clinical benefits unless an authority has labelled that indication.

Overall human evidence grade: A · Approved clinical use / strong human evidence

Endogenous biochemistry is known; cosmetic IV evidence is poor and safety is not benign.

Animal, cell and in-vitro findings are listed separately from human effects.

Textbook redox biology.

This section does not provide personalised medical dosing. Values are those reported in papers or protocols. Animal mg/kg doses are not converted to human doses.

Doses reported in human studies

Insufficient reliable evidence identified.

Preclinical / animal study dosing

Insufficient reliable evidence identified.

Reliable human pharmacokinetic data were not identified for this encyclopaedia entry, or are limited to product information for approved presentations.

Anaphylactoid reactions and liver injury reports with unregulated IV use.

Unknowns. Absence of a published harm signal is not evidence of safety.

Contraindications. Do not use unlicensed IV glutathione.

Ingredient/medicine status depends on presentation; research ‘GTT’ vials are not licensed IV therapy.

Cellular Sequence does not sell this as a vial, tablet, oil, or injectable. Educational encyclopaedia listing only.

1. [1] Encyclopaedia note

   Encyclopaedia note